CHEMISTRY VOCABLARY

Chemistry Vocablary

1.        An atom, with protons, neutrons,and electrons labelled. absolute zero – a theoreticalcondition concerning a system at zero Kelvin where a system does not emit or absorb energy (all atoms are at rest) accuracy – how close a value is to
the actual or true value; also see precision

2.        acid – a compound that, whendissolved in water, gives a pH of less than 7.0 or a compound that donates a hydrogen ion

3.       acid anhydride – a compound with two acyl groups bound to a single oxygen atom acid dissociation constant – an equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a weak acid actinides – the fifteen chemical that are between actinium (89) and lawrencium (103 )

4.       activated complex – a structurethat forms because of a collision between molecules while new bonds are formed activation energy activity series actual yield

5.        addition reaction – within organic chemistry, when two or more molecules combine to make a larger one

6.       aeration – the mixing of air into a liquid or solid

7.       alkali metals – the metals of Group 1 on the periodic table alkaline earth metals – the metals
of Group 2 on the periodic table allomer – a substance that has different composition than another, but has the same crystalline structure

8.       allotropy – elements that can have different structures (and therefore different forms), such as Carbon (diamonds , graphite , and fullerene )

9.       anion – negatively charge ions anode

10.   aromaticity – chemical property of conjugated rings that results in unusual stability. See also benzene .

11.   atom – a chemical element in its smallest form, and is made up of neutrons and protons within the nucleus and electrons circling the nucleus atomic mass unit

12.   atomic number – the number representing an element which corresponds with the number of protons within the nucleus

13.   atomic orbital – the region where the electron of the atom may be
found average atomic mass Avogadro’s law Avogadro’s number

14.   barometer – base – a substance that accepts a proton and has a high pH ; a common example is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) biochemistry – the chemistry of organisms

15.   boiling – the phase transition of liquid vaporizing boiling point – boiling-point elevation  bond – the attraction and repulsion between atoms and molecules that is a cornerstone of chemistry

16.   Boyle’s law – Brønsted-Lowrey acid – Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reaction – Brønsted Lowrey base – buffered solution – burette (also buret) – glassware used to dispense specific amounts of liquid when precision is necessary (e. g. titration and resource dependent reactions)

17.   catalyst – a chemical compound used to change the rate (either to speed up or slow down) of a reaction, but is regenerated at the end of the reaction.

18.   cation – positively charged ion

19.   centrifuge – equipment used to separate substances based on density by rotating the tubes
around a centred axis

20.   cell potential – the force in a galvanic cell that pulls electron through reducing agent to oxidizing agent

21.   chemical Law – certain rules that pertain to the laws of nature and chemistry – examples
chemical reaction – the change of one or more substances into another or multiple substances

22.   colloid – mixture of evenly dispersed substances, such as many milks

23.   combustion – an exothermic reaction between an oxidant and fuel with heat and often light

24.   compound – a substance that is made up of two or more chemically bonded elements

25.   condensation – the phase change from gas to liquid

26.   conductor – material that allows electric flow more freely

27.   covalent bond – chemical bond that involves sharing electrons

28.   crystal – a solid that is packed with ions, molecules or atoms in an orderly fashion

29.   cuvette – glassware used in spectroscopic experiments. It is usually made of plastic, glass or quartz and should be as clean and clear as possible

30.   deionization – the removal of ions, and in water’s case mineral ions such as sodium, iron and calcium

31.   deliquescence – substances that absorb water from the atmosphere to form liquid solutions

32.   deposition – settling of particles within a solution or mixture

33.   dipole – electric or magnetic separation of charge

34.   dipole moment – the polarity of a polar covalent bond

35.   dissolution or solvation – the spread of ions in a solvent

36.   double bond – sharing of two pairs of electrons

37.   Microcentrifuge or Eppendorf tube with Coomassie Blue solution earth metal – see alkaline earth metal electrolyte – a solution that conducts a certain amount of current and can be split categorically as weak and strong electrlytes

38.   electrochemical cell – using a chemical reaction’s current, electromotive force is made

39.   electromagnetic radiation – a type of wave that can go through vacuums as well as material and classified as a self- propagating wave

            40. electromagnetism – fields that have electric charge and electric properties that change the
                     way that particles move and interact